Apparatus for cracking oil



May 20, 1930. G. EGLOFF ET AL APPARATUS FR CRACK-ING OIL original Filed March 28, 1.921

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lPatented May v20, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT -orrica GUSTAV EGLOFF AND HARRY P. BENNER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO 'UNI- VERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA AIPARAT'US FOR CRACKING- OIL Application iiled Karch 28', 1921, Serial No. 456,221.` Renewed March 18, 1929.

This invention "relates `lto improvements 1n apparatus for cracking oil. and refers more particularly to that type of apparatus in` which the oil is 'fed through a heating chamivber, as for example, a continuouscoil loi cated in the furnace, thencefdelivered in substantially liquid condition to an expansion chamber where vaporization'takes place, the

vapor drawn ofi' and subjected to suitable condensing action.

In apparatus of this character, the vaporsk are first subjected to a reflux condensing action where the heavier portions are condensed'and continuously returned tothe system for -further treatment; The lighter or completely converted hydrocarbons pass to a final condenser and thence to a receiver. It

is highly desirable to get a close dephlegmavtionl or fractionation of the vapors as they leave the expansion chamber in order. -that the pressure distillate may as closely approximate the desired finished product as possible.

It is also desirable to effect a heat interchange between the vapors and the incoming raw oil to be treated, which may be accomplished by bringing the cold raw oil into contact with the hot ascending vapors.

The foregoing is accomplished in our present invention but in connection with certain l'novel features. For example, .instead of bringing the oil in a stream into contact with the vapors, it is preferably brought in the ,form of a spraylike fog which produces ya much more effective heat interchange, more effective reflux condensation as well aspreheating of the oil to be treated.

It is also understood by those skilled in the art that certain types of oil or even certain cuts or fractions of the same oil differ widely in character from other oils or other cuts of the same oil. This is particularly noticeable in the extent of dephlegmation or reflux condensation to which the oil is subjected. It also may be desirable as the proction either due to the fact that the-dep lmator is becoming hotteror to variations in temperature from changes in weather conditions. By means of the present invention, 5 various types of oil or various fractions of ess proceeds to vary the extent of dephlelgnae the same oil can have the desired dephlegmation-or the dephlegmator readily 'controlled or varied as the process proceeds and all in the same apparatus. The invention will appear more particularly from the accompanying drawings, .in which I Fig. 1 is a view, partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the nozzle members.

Referring in detail to the drawing, 1 -designates the furnace provided with burner 2, tack 3 and combustion space 4. "fj 'In the combustion space 4 is mounted theheating coil .5 Whichmay take the form of a continuous `-length of say, 4 pipe. The inlet side of thisl coil is connected b feed line 6, which in turn is connected to c argingl line 7 leading to the feed pump 8 connected to any suitable source .of raw oil supply. A throttle valve 9 is interposed in the connection between the pipes 6 and 7. The discharge side of the v coil is connected by transfer line-"10 having throttle valve 11 to one end of an elongated expansion chamber 12 located outside of thevfalling back into the expansion chamber'. Instead the reflux condensate is returned by pipe 18 having throttle valve 19 to the feed line- 6. This dephlegmator is divided into a plurality of compartments 20 by-means of the preferred circular baiiie .'plates 21. Means are provided for delivering the raw oilin the form'o'f a spray or fog into any one or more of .these compartments. To this end, Va branch header pipe 22 having a throttle valve 23, ishconnected to the charging line 7 and is provided with a lural1ty.of..branch pipes 24, connected to t e side of the dephlegmator as clearly shown in the drawings and each provided with a pair of throttle valves 25 and 26. Between each pair of throttle valves is interposed a nozzle27; the construction of which 1s more clearly shown in Fig. 2. Each of these nozzles is provided with flanged members 28 and 29 whereby they. maybe detachably secured to the corresponding flanges 30 and 31.` The flange 28 is secured to a Ycurved pipe section 32', provided with a' flanged portion 33. To the ianged portion 33 is secured a short pipe sec-- tion 34'by`means of the screw-threaded ange 85, gasket 36, packings 37 and through bolts 38. The gasket-36 is provided with ascrew threaded centrally disposed apertured boss 39 to which is xed as shown, the nozzle Isleeve 40. The otherend of this nozzle sleeve Iis closed by the valve-operated plugs 41 and 42 having the centrally disposed valve stem l 43. The arrangement 1s such'that 4the sizeof *The condenser coil 47 is connected by pipe the apertures through which the raw oil enters the dephlegmator may be controlled. In addition, by suitably regulating the valves 25 and 26, the volume and velocity of the oil 200 pounds. It is also to be noted that loil 'may enter through any one or more of the branch pipes simultaneously and furthermore, that a larger volume may en`ter through one pi e than another at a different velocity than t at oing through a different pipe.

The uncon ensed vapors may be drawn off through anyone or more of the branch plpes 44 controlled by throttle valve 45 and leading to the main header 46 which in turn vconnects to the upper end of the condensercml 4'( and is provided with throttle valve 48.

49 having a throttle valve 50 to the top of receiver 51. This receiver'l hasthe usual drawo pressure gau and li uid level gauge and is also provi ed with t egas outletl ipe 52 controlled by throttle valve 53 and distillate if pipe 54 controlled by a throttle valve, 55.

The process may Vbe loperated as follows.: At the beginnin ofthe run, the valve 23 may be closed and t le valve9 opened. The oil,

as vfor example, Kansas fuel oil maybe heated Was I vgm to pass into the to a temperature in the transfer line of say, 8.20 degrees F. and delivered in substantially liquidphase tothe expansion chamber'where vaporizatlon takes lece. As the vapors bee hlegmator, the valve 9 may be closed, the va ve 23 opened. All of the raw oil may then be passed through the uppermost .pipe 24 or through anyone or more of. the pipes.. As the run proceeds, any one or more of the pipes may be cut out. be varied in connection with thehndof Yoil treated, the end point of the This may product desired inthe receiver as well as weather conditions which may affect the temperature of the dephlegmator. The reflux condensate mixed' with the raw oil is continuously delivered to the heating 'coil for' further treatment. The vapors may be drawn off through any one or more o f the pipes 44. The whole system may be maintained under a pressure of say, 140 pounds to the separe inch but it is'to be noted that by suita ly regulating the valves 25 and 26, the `velocity'a'nd volume of the oil entering the dephlegmator may be controlled or varied and in addition, the oil may enter in the form of a very fine mist or fog. Y

We claim as our invention:

. 1. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oil, a heating coil located in a furnace, an expansion chamber. located outside the furnace, a dephlegmator in communication with said' expansion` chamber, means forI initially supplying raw oil to said coil, means `for diverting the supply of raw oil from said coil and means for assing saiddiverted'raw oil through a p urality of independent streams into separate portions of said dephlegmator, means for controllingthe volume and velocity-'of the oil beii'gfiiitroducedim" l through each of said streams, means for taking off unondensed vapors from said dephlegmator and means for condensing and c ollectingL the said vapors.

2.*In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oil a heating coil located in a furnace, an expansion chamber located outside the furnace, a dephlegmator in communication with said expansion chamber, means for initiallysupplying raw oil 4to said coil, means for diverting lthe suplply of raw oil from said coil to the dep legmator, means for introducing the diverted raw oil into the dephlegmator in `a plurality of independent streams, means for. inde endently control. ling the volume and velocity ofthe oil being introduced through each of said streams, means for returning reflux condensate and raw oil fromsad de hlegmator to said coil, means for takin Io vapors from separate' ortio'ns ,of sait? dephlegmatr to be conensed and the resultin distillate collected,- means for withdrawing eavy residuum from saidexpansion chamber and means for maintaining a regulated pressure on the oil under-f going conversion.

` GUSTAV EGLOFF.

HARRY P. BENNER. 

